李梦琦1148308药一第4次作业

1.ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF SOLITUDE——GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ
MANY YEARS LATER as he faced the firing squad, Colonel Aureliano Buendía was to remember that distant afternoon when his father took him to discover ice. At that time Macondo was a village of twenty adobe houses, built on the bank of a river of clear water that ran along a bed of polished stones, which were white and enormous, like prehistoric eggs.
说实话第一次读《百年孤独》时被几代人不断重复的名字和翻来覆去的倒叙情节搞的有点晕，没有品位出孤独的哲理。后来细读才发现这本书信息量很大：完全虚构的马孔多小镇的百年兴衰展现了拉美当时的社会现实，布恩迪亚家族几代人的生命历程更体现出人性的善良罪恶，情感的复杂微妙以及命运的跌宕和玄妙。据说这个开篇作者推敲了很久。这是全文第一个倒叙，奥雷良诺布恩迪亚上校在临刑前的回忆，引出了这个庞大故事的开始。文章有很多人物，经典情节也有很多，作者为什么没有选择由第一代或最后几代人的回忆引导开篇，我想可能是因为这个情节比较特殊，上校在行刑前，面对死亡他可能会有恐惧和绝望，但更多的是对生命的回忆，他回想起了儿时微不足道的情节。其实这也是最真实的人性，小说以此开头，大概是想表达正是由这种看似平凡的小事组成了人跌宕起伏的一生，而小说也是通过这些看似支离破碎的普通情节交织成了充满现实和虚幻的宏大世界。
2.Metamorphosis——Franz Kafka
One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible vermin. He lay on his armour-like back, and if he lifted his head a little he could see his brown belly, slightly domed and divided by arches into stiff sections. The bedding was hardly able to cover it and seemed ready to slide off any moment. His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, waved about helplessly as he looked.
《变形记》是奥地利作家卡夫卡的作品，因为对他的开头印象深刻所以找了英译版。小说开头主人公的变形十分突然，甚至有点荒诞，格里高尔为什么会变形，怎么变得形，这些都没有交代，总之事实就是他一觉醒来就成了个大甲虫，而且带着恶心的形态和动作，这些在第一段都形象的描写了出来。读者在读到这些直观的描写时，除了想要一探究竟，还会自然的产生厌恶之情。可这些厌恶同样甚至更多的出现在了格里高尔的家人身上。格里高尔虽然变成了虫子，但心里还一心想着工作赚钱，想着不让家人担心，可是家人面对格里高尔的不幸却更多的是恐惧，冷漠和厌恶。在他死了之后，大家都觉得卸下了大包袱。鲜明的对比突出了这样的主题：在利益面前人与人的感情不堪一击。
3.The old man and the sea——Hemingway
   He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf stream and he had gone eighty four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him. But after forty days without a fish the boy's parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao. which is the worst form of unluckly, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week. It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furied around the mast. The looked like the flag of permanent dafeat.
   The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkils in the back of his neck. the brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflestion on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The bolthes ran wll down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords, But none of these scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert.
小说的开头描写了老人的形象和状况：孤身一人，消瘦憔悴，已经八十四天没有补到鱼，陪着他的只有一条空空的破船，满身的伤疤，以及隐藏着的病痛。读起来简直凄惨，让人心酸。可即使这样，老人还有着海水一般蓝的，不服输的眼睛。第一次读到这时，这双眼睛并没有说服我相信老人能扭转命运，因为能打败老人的众多因素不难想象：年龄，伤病，贫穷，孤独，他人的嘲讽，以及后来与大鱼持久的周旋，鲨鱼反复的围攻。。。看起来老人注定会是失败的，其实最后他的大鱼也只有骨架被带了回来。可是他偏偏是不会被打败的，经过了这么多磨难，他战果无存，却始终没有放弃战斗，最终证明了自己，心满意足的睡着了。其实他并没有真正地成功，但他绝没有失败，因为对老人来说，最后大鱼是否完整已经不重要了，在他一次次的殊死搏斗中，他已经实现了他生命的价值。
It seems that no one before wrote about the same three books this time, ha!